Winkler (1990:147) suggests that Homer ensures Penelope ‘seduces not blameable for any seduction, since she is acting in the interest of her household’. The resources of Odysseus and Penelope’s household had been depleted during the time the suitors had been resident. Winkler (1990:146) suggests that Penelope further demonstrates intelligence in the ability to control and use the suitors as she, ‘drew from them gifts, and beguiled their souls with gentle words’ (Homer Odyssey 282-3). Penelope needs to have some confidence that Odysseus will arrive and win the competition. It is noteworthy that without some form of realisation on Penelope’s part the suggestion for the contest using Odysseus’ bow might seem somewhat out of place.
Winkler (1990:150) concludes that Penelope’s suspicion that the man she is interviewing is Odysseus comes through in the way she questions him.
The passage is very much open to interpretation. On the other hand, Homer does not make it clear whether Penelope is upset for the loss of her husband or because the beggar reminds her of Odysseus. On the one hand, Pomeroy’s argument requires due consideration particularly given Penelope’s reaction on her return to her rooms as she ‘bewailed Odysseus’ (Homer Odyssey 603). Pomeroy (1994:29) considers an alternative view that Penelope announces the contest in order to protect Telemakhos. Winkler (1990:154) believes that Penelope on some level is aware that the beggar is Odysseus and her decision to hold the contest provides him the opportunity to kill the suitors. Penelope is aware that the challenge to string the bow and shoot an arrow through twelve axes is difficult though it is a feet achieved by Odysseus. Penelope suggests the competition whilst talking with Odysseus disguised as a beggar (Homer Odyssey 19.570-6). Penelope’s intelligence is demonstrated throughout the Odyssey, though the decision to hold the bow competition for her hand in marriage is a particularly key moment. However, there is more to Penelope’s character than these qualities as she demonstrates intelligence, cunning and control. Agamemnon refers to her as ‘prudent and of an understanding heart’ stating that ‘the fame of her virtue shall never perish, but the immortals shall make among men on earth a pleasant song in honour of constant Penelope.’ (Homer Odyssey 11.445 and 24.196-8). HFS clients enjoy state-of-the-art warehousing, real-time access to critical business data, accounts receivable management and collection, and unparalleled customer service.Agamemnon praises Penelope on two occasions in the Odyssey and appears to exempt her from his declarations against all women (Homer Odyssey 11.433-4). HFS provides print and digital distribution for a distinguished list of university presses and nonprofit institutions. MUSE delivers outstanding results to the scholarly community by maximizing revenues for publishers, providing value to libraries, and enabling access for scholars worldwide. Project MUSE is a leading provider of digital humanities and social sciences content, providing access to journal and book content from nearly 300 publishers. With warehouses on three continents, worldwide sales representation, and a robust digital publishing program, the Books Division connects Hopkins authors to scholars, experts, and educational and research institutions around the world. With critically acclaimed titles in history, science, higher education, consumer health, humanities, classics, and public health, the Books Division publishes 150 new books each year and maintains a backlist in excess of 3,000 titles.
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